Gymnastics is an ancient sport which was practised in various forms in ancient Greece and Rome. Gymnastics competitions are, however, relatively modern. The modern development of gymnastics began in the mid-19th century in Europe. Gymnastics societies were formed in Germany (Turnvereins) and the Bohemian part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (Sokols). Similar societies formed in France and Switzerland and then spread generally throughout Europe.

FIG comprises three Olympic disciplines: artistic, rhythmic and trampoline.